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Can standardizing bus models and livery really prevent improper operations?

Can standardizing bus models and livery really prevent improper operations?

Can standardizing bus models and livery really prevent improper operations?

2013-03-13

Huicong Surface Treatment Network: “China’s official vehicle reform has been underway for 19 years, yet year after year, the reform seems to remain stuck in neutral. The trend of overstaffed vehicle allocations and the private use of official vehicles remains strong.” Li Weihua, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Vice Chairman of the Anhui Provincial CPPCC, pointed out that waste and corruption on wheels cannot be delayed or postponed. He suggested institutionalizing the reform and adopting a “coordinated, holistic approach” to tackle the persistent problem of official vehicles being used for personal purposes. Once this solution—“strictly defining the scope and standards for official vehicle allocation, adopting a ‘zero-tolerance’ policy toward private use of official vehicles, dealing with each case as it arises, taking tough measures, and drawing on practices from Hong Kong and Macao by standardizing official vehicle models, uniform livery, and unified colors to facilitate public oversight”—was proposed, it immediately sparked heated debate. From a technical perspective, unifying vehicle livery is not particularly difficult to implement; the real challenge lies in whether uniform livery can truly prevent violations. At present, this remains an open question. Nevertheless, we can still explore the automotive painting processes we are already familiar with. From the standpoint of automotive painting technology, vehicle painting generally consists of two main parts: first, surface treatment of metal substrates prior to painting, also known as pretreatment techniques; second, the actual painting application process. Surface treatment primarily involves removing oil stains, dust, rust, and old paint layers during repair work from the substrate surface, thereby improving the surface condition of the workpiece. This includes mechanical and chemical treatments tailored to specific conditions, such as phosphating, oxidation, and passivation. Meanwhile, automotive painting processes vary significantly depending on the type of vehicle. For heavy-duty trucks, the primary painted components are the front cab, which has higher painting requirements; other parts, such as the cargo bed and frame, have lower painting demands than the cab. The painting of passenger buses differs considerably from that of freight trucks. The body of a passenger bus comprises the chassis, frame, interior cabin, and exterior surfaces, with the exterior surfaces having the highest requirements. Exterior surfaces must not only provide excellent protection and aesthetics but also feature large painting areas, multiple flat surfaces, and often incorporate two or more colors, sometimes even including decorative stripes. As a result, the painting cycle is longer, the construction standards are higher, and the painting process is more complex than for freight trucks. Passenger cars and small station wagons have higher requirements than large buses and freight trucks, both in terms of surface decoration and underlying protective layers. Their surface coatings must meet Class I decorative precision standards, boasting a beautiful appearance with mirror-like gloss or smooth surfaces free of fine impurities, scratches, cracks, wrinkles, blisters, or any defects visible to the naked eye, and they must also possess sufficient mechanical strength. The underlying coating must serve as an excellent protective layer, offering superior rust resistance and corrosion protection, along with strong adhesion. Local or full-area applications of putty with good adhesion and high mechanical strength should ensure that, even after several years of use, no rusting or peeling occurs.

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An Exploration and Analysis of Ten Questions Surrounding the New Transformation in Coating Technology

An Exploration and Analysis of Ten Questions Surrounding the New Transformation in Coating Technology

An Exploration and Analysis of Ten Questions Surrounding the New Transformation in Coating Technology

2013-03-01

Huicong Surface Treatment Network: I. What is Dip Coating? The coating flows from the coating reservoir above the dip-coating machine through a dip-coating knife, forming a continuous and uniform coating film. The workpieces are fed onto a conveyor belt and pass beneath the dip-coating knife, where they are evenly coated with a layer of paint. Any coating that does not adhere to the workpiece is collected by a return trough and returned to the coating reservoir, then pumped back into the system for reuse. II. What are the different drying methods used in dip coating? Dip coating can be dried using four methods: ambient temperature drying, oven drying, microwave drying, and UV curing. III. What types of coatings can be used in dip coating? Dip coating can apply PU coatings, PE coatings, NC coatings, UV coatings, and water-based coatings. IV. What components make up a dip-coating application system? The first type: intermittent PU dip-coating line design—includes a double-sided vacuum dust removal machine, a 7-meter Class 100,000 clean dip-coating booth, a Class 100,000 dip-coating flash-drying room, and a dust-free curing room (which can also be designed as a 15-meter strong-microwave drying tunnel for final curing). The second type: fast-drying PU dip-coating line design—includes a double-sided vacuum dust removal machine, a 7-meter Class 100,000 clean dip-coating booth, a 45-meter defoaming and leveling tunnel, a 45-meter solvent-evaporation flash-drying tunnel with weak microwave assistance, a 15-meter strong-microwave drying tunnel for final curing, and a 5-meter cold-air cooling and packaging section. The third type: fast-drying water-based coating dip-coating line design—includes a double-sided vacuum dust removal machine, a 7-meter Class 100,000 clean dip-coating booth, a 45-meter moisture-evaporation flash-drying tunnel with weak microwave assistance, a 15-meter strong-microwave drying tunnel for final curing, and a 5-meter cold-air cooling and packaging section. The fourth type: fast-drying UV coating dip-coating line design—includes a double-sided vacuum dust removal machine, a 7-meter Class 100,000 clean dip-coating booth, a 45-meter weak-microwave defoaming and leveling tunnel, a 3-meter UV curing machine, and a packaging section. The Class 100,000 dip-coating booth is equipped with a volatile solvent extraction tower, positive-pressure ventilation, a dip-coating machine, and a paint-mixing area. The air particle standard required is below 10 microns. V. Where can dip coating be applied? Dip coating is suitable for coating flat workpieces up to 10 cm high. It is widely used in industries such as door manufacturing, panel furniture, kitchen cabinets, flooring, moldings, decorative glass, new environmentally friendly building materials, printing, blinds, inkjet printing, handicrafts, calcium silicate boards, ecological wood panels, and integrated exterior wall insulation and decoration systems. VI. What are the advantages of dip coating? Coating methods include dip coating, spray coating, brush coating, roller coating, and immersion coating. Dip coating is an environmentally friendly method that saves labor, reduces paint consumption, is fast, produces excellent mirror-like finishes, and achieves good pore-filling effects. However, dip coating can only be used on flat workpieces, which is its main limitation. Dip coating is developing very rapidly. Table 1: Comparison of Advantages and Disadvantages between PU Dip Coating and PU Spray Coating Feature | PU Dip Coating | PU Spray Coating --- | --- | --- Mirror-like finish | Good | General, with spray-induced orange-peel effect; good pore-filling, easy to stack pores | Pore-filling effect | Good, uniform and easy to stack pores | Requires operator handling, saves 3 times more labor than professional spray painters | Paint consumption | Saves paint, no waste—about 50% less waste | Faster—5 times faster than spray coating | Space-saving—occupies less space | Power consumption | Saves 10 times more power than spray coating | Wastewater | No wastewater—no water curtain cabinet, no wastewater or paint mist, no PM2.5 | High toxicity in working environment | No waste residue | Exhaust gas | Less—1 time less | Investment | 280,000 yuan (dust collector + dip-coating booth + dip-coating machine) | 450,000 yuan (one dip-coating booth = 9 spray booths) | Spraying gun + water curtain cabinet + flash-drying room + air pump | Recruitment | Easy to recruit workers—oil painters are hard to find | Can handle irregular-shaped parts | Yes | VII. What factors determine the surface effect of dip-coated coatings? a. Quality of the dip-coating paint; b. Precision of the dip-coating knife on the dip-coating machine; c. Operational control of process parameters such as paint viscosity, conveyor speed, and the width of the bottom gap at the dip-coating machine’s outlet during dip coating; d. Dust-free level of the dip-coating booth; e. Dust removal efficiency of the double-sided vacuum dust removal machine. VIII. What conditions must be met for constructing a dip-coating production line, and what types of coatings can be applied? 1. The furniture must be made of flat-panel materials. 2. The dip-coating capacity must be substantial—a dip-coating team of 6 people can coat over 1,000 square meters, and the total area requiring dip-coating for primer and topcoat each month must exceed 10,000 square meters. 3. The dip-coating machine can apply PU primers, PU topcoats, PE white primers, PE transparent primers, NC primers, NC topcoats, color touch-ups, UV coatings, and water-based coatings. It can achieve open-matte effects, fully enclosed matte effects, and glossy mirror-like finishes.

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Coating Knowledge: Construction Requirements for Polyurethane Rigid Foam Spraying

Coating Knowledge: Construction Requirements for Polyurethane Rigid Foam Spraying

Coating Knowledge: Construction Requirements for Polyurethane Rigid Foam Spraying

2013-01-31

Huicong Surface Treatment Network: 1. Ambient Temperature Requirements: The optimal temperature range for spray foaming is 15–35°C. If the temperature is too low, the foam plastic is prone to peeling off the surface of the object, its density will significantly increase, and material consumption will rise markedly. Conversely, when the ambient temperature is too high, the foaming agent will be excessively consumed. 2. Moisture: Isocyanates readily react with water to form brittle urea-containing substances. The surface to be coated must be free of dew or frost. When the air humidity is too high, dehumidification is necessary; otherwise, the adhesion between the foam plastic and the object will be affected, making it easy to detach. 3. Wind: When spraying outdoors, at a wind speed of 5 m/s, heat...

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Introduction to the Process of Automotive Painting Production Lines

Introduction to the Process of Automotive Painting Production Lines

Introduction to the Process of Automotive Painting Production Lines

2013-01-30

Huicong Surface Treatment Network: The coating process for automotive painting lines can generally be divided into two major parts: first, the surface treatment of metals prior to coating, also known as pretreatment technology; and second, the actual coating application process. Surface treatment primarily involves removing oil stains, dust, rust, and old paint layers during repair work from the workpiece surface, thereby improving the surface condition of the workpiece. This includes mechanical and chemical treatments applied to the workpiece surface according to specific conditions, such as phosphating, oxidation, and passivation treatments. Automotive Painting Lines—The anti-rust coating process for construction machinery typically consists of two stages: the surface treatment process prior to coating and the application of an anti-rust primer. Surface treatment is one of the critical steps in anti-rust coating. The quality of anti-rust coating for construction machinery largely depends on the effectiveness of the surface treatment method used. According to Imperial Chemical Industries in the UK, the lifespan of a coating is influenced by three main factors: surface treatment accounts for 60%; coating application accounts for 25%; and the quality of the coating material itself accounts for 15%. In the construction machinery industry, different components require different surface treatment methods. Mechanical cleaning can effectively remove rust, weld spatter, and oxide scale from workpieces, relieve welding stresses, and enhance the adhesion between the anti-rust coating and the metal substrate, thereby significantly improving the anti-rust performance of construction machinery components. The standard for mechanical cleaning requires reaching Sa2.5 grade. The surface roughness should reach one-third of the thickness of the anti-rust coating. The steel shot used in blasting and shot peening must meet the requirements of GB6484. For thin-sheet stamped parts, chemical surface treatment is commonly employed. Automotive Painting Lines—The typical process flow is as follows: pre-degreasing → degreasing → hot water wash → cold water wash → acid pickling → cold water wash → neutralization → cold water wash → surface conditioning → phosphating → cold water wash → hot water wash → pure water wash → drying. This process can be adjusted appropriately based on the oil and rust conditions of thin-sheet stamped parts—for example, the acid pickling step may be omitted, or the pre-degreasing step may be skipped. Degreasing and phosphating are key steps in the chemical treatment process, directly affecting both the quality of the chemical treatment and the quality of the anti-rust coating. Relevant process parameters and associated auxiliary equipment are also important factors that cannot be overlooked when it comes to surface treatment quality. Due to the wide range of construction machinery, diverse specifications, heavy overall weight, and large component sizes, spray coating is generally adopted for the coating process. Automotive Painting Lines—Spray coating tools include air spray guns, high-pressure airless spray guns, air-assisted spray guns, and portable electrostatic spray guns. Air spray guns have low spraying efficiency (around 30%), while high-pressure airless spray guns waste coating material. Both types share the common drawback of causing significant environmental pollution, so they have been—and continue to be—gradually replaced by air-assisted spray guns and portable electrostatic spray guns. For instance, the well-known construction machinery company Caterpillar Inc. in the U.S. uses air-assisted spray guns for coating, while portable electrostatic spray guns are employed for thin-sheet coverings such as engine hoods. Coating equipment for construction machinery generally utilizes relatively modern water-spray booths. Small and medium-sized components can also use water curtain booths or pump-less spray booths; the former offer advanced performance, while the latter are cost-effective and convenient. Given the heavy weight and large thermal capacity of construction machinery units and components, the drying of anti-rust coatings typically employs uniform hot-air convection drying. The heat source can be selected based on local conditions, including steam, electricity, light diesel oil, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas.

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Automotive Coating Wastewater Treatment

Automotive Coating Wastewater Treatment

Automotive Coating Wastewater Treatment

2013-01-30

Huicong Surface Treatment Network: Coating processes are extensively used in automotive surface treatment, and wastewater is generated in virtually every stage of the production process [1]. As a result, the treatment of automotive coating wastewater has become a major challenge in today’s wastewater treatment projects, urgently requiring solutions. Through years of exploration and engineering practice, it has been found that adopting physicochemical plus biochemical treatment for automotive coating wastewater is both economically viable and effective. However, in practical applications, certain issues still arise, necessitating optimization and improvement of this process to make automotive coating wastewater treatment more stable and efficient. 1. Sources and Characteristics of Automotive Coating Wastewater The wastewater generated during the coating process mainly comes from pre-degreasing and acid...

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Explanation of Common Terms Used in Coating Application施工

Explanation of Common Terms Used in Coating Application施工

Explanation of Common Terms Used in Coating Application施工

2013-01-28

Huicong Surface Treatment Network: Fillers: Fillers, also known as extenders or bulk pigments, include materials such as chalk (light calcium carbonate), talc, white carbon black, and barium sulfate. These are nearly all white powders with high tinting strength and opacity. In coatings, they enhance the weather resistance of the coating film and are less prone to chalking. They are also commonly used in putty formulations. Pigments: Pigments, also called colorants, can be categorized into inorganic and organic pigments. Inorganic pigments boast high opacity, high density, and excellent light- and heat-resistance; examples include titanium dioxide, lithopone, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, and ultramarine blue. Organic pigments, on the other hand, offer vivid colors, high tinting strength, and superior chemical resistance; examples include fast-yellow, phthalocyanine pigments, toluidine red, and Lithol Red.

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